PHILOSOPHER-REVOLUTIONARY MANAVENDRANATH ROY

Roy, M.N.

(1887-1955)

ERICH FROMM THE FAMOUS PSYCHOLOGIST-SOCIALOGIST RECOMMENDED TO READ REASON,REVOLUTION AND RENAISSNACE OF M N ROY TO UNDERSTAND EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE.THAT IS GREAT RECOGNITION OF ROY ON CONTEMPORARY WORLD OF EUROPE.

Manavendranath Roy was an influential Nationalist during the British rule of India, an early propagator of Communism in Mexico and China, and the founder of Communist Party of India. However, his creation of a “New Humanism,” which emanated from studying the philosophical consequences of modern science, later morphed into the inspiration for India’s modern-day Radical Humanist and Rationalist movements, which exist on the fringes of a society steeped in religious and ideological dogma.

Roy first emerged on the Bengal national stage  of extremist politics  during World War I to fight against Britain. He travelled widely in Asia  to try secure arms from Germany agents who promised to help support the overthrow of British rule. Roy’s quest also took him to the United States in 1916 where he met and married Evelyn Trent (1892-1970), a Stanford  University graduate who was attracted to Roy’s intellect. They  traveled together to Mexico to help start  the Communist Party ). Roy’s activities attracted the attention of Lenin who invited the couple to Moscow in 1919, where they morphed into revolutionaries and published journals (JOURNALS like Masses,) Roy also worked with Stalin in the international communist movement. He formally started the Communist Party of India (CPI) in Tashkent in1920 and was later sent to China in 1927 by Stalin to help  the Communist Party there in 1927..

Having DIVORCED Trent in 1927, he married Ellen Gotschalk (1904-60) a German intellectual.

Roy returned to India in 1930, actively entering  nationalist politics. A decade later he founded the Radical Democratic Party though within eight years, became disillusioned with party structures which, he wrote, against the sovereignty of the individual. Following India’s independence from British rule in 1947, Roy disbanded the party in favor of a Renaissance Movement in 1948 and by 1952 was named a vice chairman of The International Humanist Union, Amsterdam. By xxxx, he articulated a new philosophical thought, which he dubbed as New Humanism. Towards the end of his life, Roy wrote his memoirs.

Philosophy : At the heart of Roy’s New Humanism lies the study of the philosophical consequences of modern science. While classical philosophy attempted to answer ontological, cosmological and epistemological questions, Roy thought modern philosophy could no longer suffice since it required scientific knowledge. Thus, he felt, that modern philosophy had become irrelevant and only modern scientific philosophy, which synthesizes results from myriad branches of science could meet modern needs. Roy believed that current reality was always tentative and partial, as scientific research will go on forever and newer findings needed to be incorporated into New Humanism.

While typically solutions for problems faced in nature were offered up by philosophy, Roy believed modern philosophy could no longer do that since it lacked scientific knowledge. Thus, he turned to the philosophy of science noting that scientific research had entered into realms previously left to metaphysical explanations. Because different phases of evolution and human existence were studied by different brances of science, rather than just philosophy, it need to be the philosophy of science that explained existence as a whole, Roy postulated.

Roy’s New Humanism believed all life evolves out of inanimate matter and the descent of humans can be traced to the laws governing the universe. Rationalism and morality in humans is causally connected, thus forming a harmony and Roy believed that disturbing irrational elements can be gradually eliminated through a scientific outlook. Humanist axiology deduces all values from supreme value of freedom while ethical values are derived from biological heritage and not transcendental.

The problems of appearance and reality, the space-time continuum, the beginning and end of universe and thus the mysteries of life all came into the realm of philosophy of science, according to Roy. Roy further stated that there is no mystery of life and that all phenomena of life was explained through scientific discoveries. This generates out of critical examination, rational coordination and then logical deduction of perceptual data which follows from it. That thinking became the essence of Roy`s approach.

Politics : Roy preferred an organized democracy with a pyramid political structure where the power is always vested in sovereign individuals. He viewed delegation of power as taking away democratic principles from people and believed only decentralization of power could strengthen democracy. The function of state, to Roy, was to coordinate the activities of all institutions from a village all the way to a state, with the Indian parliament at the apex of a pyramid state structure. He believed that People`s Committees would the core nationwide network, a political democracy that was quite different from the state as visualized by other Communists of that era. Roy believed that a democratic control of the political machine would guarantee freedom of the individual and that political and economic democracies should work hand-in-hand. According to Roy, a centrally planned economy and ownership vested in the state would never end the exploitation of labor.

Roy was firm that any form of dictatorship tended to perpetuate itself and that under the pretext of efficiency and collective effort, a political dictatorship will destroy individual freedoms. And, thus, a Communist society could then never be a higher form of democracy.

Roy also wrote that a laissez faire doctrine was essentially a sanction for exploiting men by other men, and that a rational human being had to overcome the economic one. Roy visualized a social order where all production would be based for use and distribution according to social requirements with his People’s Committees allowing direct adult participation in economic activities.

Roy believed that a wide diffusion of power under Radical Democracy could lead to rational politics and thus a moral society. He wanted education to be about propagation of scientific principles and science to be integrated into social organization to reconcile the individual and collective society. Roy saw this as a social revolution to impart ideas, and that the urge for freedom as the highest principle of struggle for existence with the search for the truth as a corollary to that urge.

Roy’s lasting vision—one that has endured well beyond his political beliefs in India today—is the desire for secularism, or a  clear separation of state and religion. He wanted to keep religious faith at the personal level and removed from affairs of the state entering.

Select References:

1. M. N. Roy: Reason, Romanticism and Revolution 2 Volumes,. Indian Renaissance Publishers,

   Kolkata, India 1952.

2. Sibnarayan Ray (editor) Selected works of M N Roy,

   Oxford (UNIVERSItyR Publications 4 volumes (YEAR?)

3. Ellen Roy (editor) Politics, Power and Parties by M N Roy

   Indian Renaissance Publishers, Kolkata, India1960.

4. V.B. Karnik: Political Biography of M. N. Roy:

5.Narisetti Innaiah: M.N.Roy : selected writings ( Prometheus books ,USA)

    

   

: Innaiah Narisetti

Michael Shermer on God

http://www.michaelshermer.com/2013/12/is-god-dying/

Memoirs of cat by M N Roy philosopher revolutionary

Memoirs of cat by M N Roy: This rare social criticism of M N Roy can be read in ebook ;
https://www.dropbox.com/s/rdjvkoxe67mhqx5/Memoirs%20of%20a%20cat%20f.docx

Evelyn Trent papers, letters ,documents

June 30, 1957

Mr Robert C. North

Stanford University,

Calif

Dear Mr North

Your letter of June 28th received and I would like very much to read your book, which you are, kind enough to say you will send me and which I have wanted to read for some time, but our library facilities are limited here. If I can be of assistance to you in your projected study, I will do what is possible, within certain limitations. Perhaps I can tell better when I see the list of questions you say you are preparing. I have not seen the things you mention that have been written recently, and am rather curious to know what they are. Has anything been published recently which I might see? You must understand that I wish to remain completely in, the background as far as anything to be published is concerned, and would want my name with held. If you can respect this condition, I will be glad to impart to you whatever information I can that may be of help in your work, so long as you approach it from a sympathetic and understanding viewpoint, which I judge from your letter, is your attitude.

Sincerely yours,

June 30 1957

July 2, 1957

Dear Mrs. Jones:

Thank you for your kind letter. I am mailing the book, which I hope you will please keep. With this letter you will find enclosed a series of questions which may suggest the kind of material I am interested in. I assume that, in addition to the withholding of your name, you would want also a careful handling of Stanford details which might reveal almost as much. At the same time, this is, it seems to me, a fascinating and probably formative phase of Roy's life, and I would hope not to skip it altogether. Between us, we ought to be able to work out treatment which would protect you, bring Roy alive, and do no violence to the truth. Your experience as Fiction Editor has undoubtedly made you sensitive both to my problems and to the various techniques which might be used to serve our

purposes.

The length of my questions may give you a start, and unfortunately, they are by no means exhaustive. I am not sure how we ought to manage the answering of them so that the burden to you will be minimal. Surely we ought to have a visit first of all, and then perhaps, you would like me to provide you with the use of Sound scriber entirely. I would prefer not to rely on a Sound scriber entirely, it being too mechanical, but if some such device would save you burden and strain for the mass of chronological detail, it might be worth try. However, as I suggested in my previous

letter, I am deeply interested in Roy as a human being, and recollections bearing on this should probably come directly from you to tie without mechanical intermediary. The chief derogatory publication I am aware of is a book by S. Tagore which was published in India and is not, to my knowledge, available in this country. I copies out a large part of it because, along with much vilification, it also had valuable information. Also„ I interviewed Tagore in Calcutta, and he elaborated upon his main charges. His chief charge was that Roy had, misappropriated party funds. This is a charge I have heard leveled at other Communist leaders by their enemies, and I am not interested in it--though I am interested in. knowing who opposed Roy and on what ideological or tactical grounds. Mrs. Ellen Roy was disturbed, however, because I had lent my notes to others who, she was afraid, might not be equally discriminating (my. notes from the Tagore book, that is). This loan did not violate any confidence, but I shall be very unhappy, none the less, if they are not used with common sense. I would like very much to pay a visit some afternoon soon at your convenience.

Sincerely yours

Robert C. North

MIAMI UNIVERSITY

Department of political science

College of arts and science

218 Harrison Hall Oxford, Ohio 45056

513 5292000

513 529 1709 Fax

January 17, 1995

Dr. N. Innaiah

17319 Buehler Road Olney,

MD 20832

Dear Dr. Innaiah

In response to your request for information about M. N. Roy and Evelyn Trent: It is over a decade since I have done any work with the Borodins. Consequently, my recollection about sources is very fuzzy. You might look at Survey, October 1964 pp 3-47, Carleton Beals, Glass houses: Ten years of Free lancing, Karl Schmitt, Communism in Mexico, R. Sorich, "Fragments in Biography of M. N. Roy" (Hoover Institution) Have you tried getting a copy of the Trent-Jones marriage license? It might give some information on previous marriages. Sorry I cannot be of more help.

Sincerely,

Dan N.Jacobs

(Dan N. Jacobs mentioned in his book on "Borodin­Stalin's man" that Roy and Evelyn married in New York Prison. I asked him to give source for this statement)

Obituary:

Evelyn T. Jones page 10 Auburn Journal Auburn, Calif, Monday Nov. 23,1970 Obituaries A memorial service for Evelyn Trent Jones, 78, an Auburn resident since. 1909, were conducted Monday at the pioneer. Methodist Church. Mrs. Jones a native of Utah and the daughter of the late T.C.Trent, a gold mine operator in this area years. ago, died November 21 in the Auburn . Faith Hospital. She was a. graduate of Stanford University, a former news paper woman and a retired state social worker. A widow, she is survived by six nephews, Trent Meredith of Camarillo, Diven Merideth of Palm desert, Harold T. Power of Piedmont, Goodwin Trent jr. of Hawaii, John Trent of . Alaska and Francis Brown of Walnut Grove; and eight nieces, Marion Reese of Sacramento, Florence Brunkow of Spokane, Wash., Nina Jones of New York State, Mary Bou Martin of Idaho, Peggy Brown of Idaho, Mary Trent Frost of South Carolina, Meta Trent Harris of Los Angeles and Mary Trent of Palos Verdes. Inurnment was in the Auburn - District Cemetery. Schumacher's Colonial chapel handled the arrangements.

Collected by Innaiah Narisetti
Evelyn

Research about Evelyn Trent

Evelyn Trent (1892-1970} was born and educated in USA. She belongs to the old left of the first world war generation, who saw the failure of capitalism and was hopeful of socialism. She was a left intellectual even before reading Karl Marx. Evelyn was a radical graduate of Stanford University. She met M.N. Roy (1887-1955) in the University campus in 1916. They influenced each other; together they changed totally, forgot their ethnic past and grew as cosmopolitan intellectuals. That was a great meeting of the east and west, disproving Rudyard Kipling, who said: east is east and West is West, never the_ twain shall meet.

Together Evelyn and Roy played an important role in the formation of the Mexican Communist Party and the exile communist party of India in Tashkent, and in the International Communist movement. Roy and Evelyn lived together for a decade and parted silently in 1925. The reasons for divorce are yet to be discovered. They maintained stoic silence about each other. Roy, while narrating his Memoirs to Ellen (1904-1961) did not mention any thing about the role of Evelyn in his life. That is unfair on the part of M. N. Roy. It is not Writing history in a scientific way. Evelyn was keen to know if Roy said anything about her and curiously followed the serial published in Radical. Humanist Weekly from India during 1953-54. To her utter disappointment, Evelyn found not a -word about her.

Ellen followed the track, contacted Evelyn after the death of Roy and encouraged research scholars to meet Evelyn for further research. Robert C. North was the earliest

American Scholar from Stanford University to correspond and meet Evelyn. Sib Narayan Ray from India tried to meet—Evelyn but in Vain. He, however, continued his correspondence with her till late 60's. He failed to persuade her in writing her memoirs. Other scholars also failed to extract any information from Evelyn regarding her early communist role. The only successful person was Robert C North who maintained cordial relationship and kept her address as a secret. Samaren Roy from India tried to obtain information about Evelyn posthumously but could get it only much later.

At this juncture, I made an attempt to collect information about Evelyn in USA and could meet her nephew, Mr. Diven Meredith, and could also correspond with her nieces who sent me rare photos and some material about Evelyn. I could also get rare material from Hoover Institute in Stanford University and from National Archives, Washington DC. I hope to get more information in near future regarding the reasons for the separation of Evelyn and M.N. Roy.

I tried to trace the photos of Evelyn and M.N. Roy together but could get only one photograph wherein they participated in a rally in Petrograde, USSR in 1922. But the xerox copy is not visible for reproduction.

I am thankful to Mr. Atluri Ashok, Mr. Mudduluru Sree Rama Raju and Mrs. Kavitha Shivram lob' Zen Technologies Limited, Hyderabad for preparing computer copy of this. script. I express my gratitude to Mr. D. Anjaneyulu, for correcting the script. My friend Mr. Alapati Ravindranath, editior Misimi monthly offered to make printing arrangements and I express my sincere thanks to him.My friend Mr P.Krishnarao corrected the final copy and I am grateful to himl

N. INNAIAH.

Evelyn Trent-

References and Notes :

1. Hoover institution Archives Jones : Evelyn Trent 1892­1970 Papers 1925-1969. American journalist, - wife of Manabendra Nath Roy . Indian communist leader, Summary: Correspondence, Notes, pamphlets, clippings and photographs relating to M.N.. Roy and the communist movement in India. The manuscript box folder I contains brief biography note also was not there. Folder two consists of correspondence of Evelyn with her mother, Robert North, Richard Park, Renaissance Publishers India, letters addressed to Evelyn by Sibnarayan Ray, Ellen Roy, Robert North and Richard Park. Folder three and four contained news paper clippings of Evelyn's as feature writer and contributed to San Fransisco Chronicle Sacramento Bay area news papers, Stanford Illustrated weekly, One letter from Einstein thanking her for her help to the atomic scientists committee. Roy's obituary in Radical Humanist Jan 25, 1963 issue. The Hoover Institute referred my letter to Mr Diven Merideth seeking permission. to use the material. Mr Diven is the son of Evelyn's sister Mrs. J. D. Merideth. He is now staying in California State. He permitted me to use the papers of. Evelyn and also sent her photograph of 1950s at my request- The Hoover Institute papers mentioned the dates 1925 to 1969 but there was nothing to reveal the communist phase of Evelyn nor her married life with MN. Roy. The library of Congress has the information of Evelyn in the unpublished manuscripts catalogue. The photos of MN. Roy in the archives belong to Mexico period and no photo of Evelyn was found in the papers. The letter addressed to Richard Park was burnt at the edges and a part of it was not there. The papers indicate that Evelyn valued her privacy and that makes the researcher's task all the more difficult! See Archives of Hoover Institution on war, Revolution and peace. Stanford, California, USA.

2.   National Archives, USA in Washington D.C. list of Manifest. of Alien passengers 1893 - 2953 121 M 1410 Roll 90 May 23, 1916 Microfilm The curious aspect in the information is that the place of birth was given as HAITES and the city in which Roy was born was Ionainis!

3.   See the files of Justice department in National Archives Washington D.C. Microfilm copy. The index card says that 400 pages of matter was available on Roy.

4.  Bhagawan Singh was revolutionary who was indicted in U.S.A. in 1917. Roy sent him Vanguard journal from Geneva even - in 1924. See War Department files-Microfilm and Central research files in National Archives, Washington D.C.

5.   Mukerji, Dhan Gopal. (1890 - 1936) was the son of a priest in Bengal. He was in Japan for a short period and picked up Japanese and he could speak French with ease. He wrote a few books for children and he was essentially spiritualist believed in Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. He toured India during 1927 and met Jawaharlal Nehru. Some of his papers and correspondence was available in Syracuse University and Pennsylvania University library, Philadelphia. David Jordan Starr had very good opinion of him.

6.   See the files of Federal Bureau Investigation, U.S.A. in National Archives, Washington D.C. Files 3551 MID 9771-23.

7. Census 1900 Utah State, USA Microfilm in National Archives Washington D.C. Code T 653 The data given: Lamartine, Trent Dec. 1849 born, England; Trent DeLome, wife 1858B. age 41 Florida, Inaze, daughter 1879 age 21 Montana born; Lender daughter 1880 age 19; Lamartine, son 1882 age 18 Colorado; Walter, son 1883 17; Helen, daughter 1884 age 16 Colorado; Goodwin daughter 1886 age 14; Florence daughter 1888 age 12 Utah; Evelyn daughter 1892 Utah.

8. See : Famous persons of the West: Press Reference Library. Library of congress, Washington D.C. PP 871 In the Hoover Institute Archives among Jones, Evelyn Trent papers there is a biographical note in which a para was mentioned about Lamartine. The family name was Trent and full name was Lamartine Cavaignac. He attended some private schools in London until age 12 and then sailed to USA He got enlisted in Co. G, 47th N.Y. Vol., Civil War and participated in first and second battles of Fort Fisher in North Carolina. It seems he was often blindfolded until he reached a given destination to assure secrecy of the location of the mineral property! He developed a dairy farm, a mine at Vantrent and mining machinery business in San Fransisco and Los Angles. He had mining properties in the vicinity of Auburn where he settled down and lived his last days.

9.  David., Jordan Starr (19 Jan 1851 - 19 Sept. 1931) \X/as Chancellor- and Emeritus Chancellor of Stanford University till, his death. He stood for international peace. He collected rare species in residence along with Ethel Rae Dugan and continued her contact throughout: David appreciated her talent and helped whenever asked for David, Jordan Starr correspondence, papers are available in Microfilm in Stanford University library and in the Library of Congress.

10. Ethel Ray Dugan was graduated from Stanford University in 1915. with History as her subject. She married Mukerji Dhan Gopal in New York on 15th June 1918. By that time Evelyn and M.N. Roy left New York and stayed in Mexico. In New York city Mr and Mrs. Dhan Gopal Mukerji were the guests of Mr W.B. Feakins, Times Building, Times Square. Even after returning from Europe Evelyn did not contact Mr and Mrs, Mukerji. M.N. Roy also lost contact with them. Dhan Gopal died when Roy was in jail in India.

11. "On the Quiet" was three act comedy of Augustus Thomas. It was rated as one of the best American plays during the first decade of 20th century. It was staged in Broadway theaters of New, York. Thomas originally named it as "Thread way of Yale". In this play a wealthy girl and another young actor decided to marry the parents of the bridegroom cunningly promised to help him for his Harvard studies. The lovers wanted to marry after the studies. But the parents of the groom withdrew their support to see that the marriage does not take place. Hero of the play was engulfed with constant threats. Thomas created the situations which the audience enjoyed in a hilarious mood. Augustus Thomas (8 Jan. 1857 - Aug. 1934) hailed from St. Louis in USA and he produced 70 plays and contributed to the theater development in USA Some of his popular plays are: Mizzoura. The Copperhead, The Burglar, A. man of the World. Lot of publicity was given for Evelyn in those days for her performance as Ethel. It was staged in Stanford University on Feb. 28th 1913. See The San Fransisco call. Feb. 27, 1913.

12.  See Evelyn's letter to her mother from Stanford University July 15 1912. Evelyn used to sign as Barn, Archives of Hoover Institute, Stanford, USA

13. Mukerji, Dhatz Gopal told this to one Mr O. O. Anthony. F.B.I. File in National Archives, Washington D.C.

14. Evelyn wrote her first letter to David Jordan Starr on 31st August 1916 from 1417 Crown Hill Avenue, Los Angeles, California. Without waiting for the letter she applied for the passport. Meanwhile Jordan sent the letter. She thanked him through her letter on 15th September from the same place. Evelyn obviously stayed with her parents while waiting for the passport. Perhaps she introduced M.N. Roy to her parents and sisters there. See David Jordan Starr papers in microfilm-Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Unpublished documents section.

15.  See.F.B.I. records in National archives, Washington D.C.

16.  Lala LajPat Rai was known the lion of Punjab in India. He was national leader and freedom fighter who stayed in New York temporarily due to the restriction - imposed by the British govt. He was ALya Samajist who died in 192$.

17.  See Dan N.. Jacobs: "Borodin, Stalin's man" Harvard Uni Press, Chicago pp -68.I asked him the source for the wedding of. Roy's in prison, Jacobs could not give any proof but advised me to refer: to registration of Eleven's second marriage wherein she might have mentioned the reasons for the dissolution of the first marriage etc. Also Evelyn's letter to Richard Park wherein she condemned Chakravarthy for denying her marriage in jail. See Jones, Evelyn Trent. papers in Hoover Institute Archives, Stanford, USA.

18.  War department files of M.N. Roy in National Archives, Washington D.C.

19.  FBI fill in National Archives, Washington D.C. Evelyn and Mrs. Blanchards daughter worked in the' same firm. That was the link the police, tried to trace.

20.  War department files in National Archives Washington D.C.

21.  File  9771-72 War Department National archives W lashington D.0 UK

22.  File. 9991-B-41 in War. department, - National_ archives„ Washington D.C.. Friends . of India was the international league establish in Mexico by M.N. Roy and Evelyn . as directors. Prof Jose . G 1 Vlontes was the Secretary and the address was Ap.Postal 1056, Mexico, D.F. There were two vice presidents, four more members mentioned.

23. Evelyn while withdrawing the money from the bank mentioned that she was going to Yukatan to reorganize the schools for the Government. General Alvarado Salvarado was the progressive governor for the state to whom Evelyn carried an. introductory letter. See War Department . files 9771-72,73 in : National Archives Washington D.C.

24.   War Department files 9771-25

25.  Evelyn sent a letter from Petrograd to Elena Terres. She was routing the letters from Esthonia. She also - sent a photo of Petrograd rally in which she and Roy participate. - The photo was not very.. clear: - See War records in National Archives War department records 9771-B 1.

26. Sergei Eisenstein 1898-1948, Russian film producer, Director. He visited Mexico from 1930 to 1932 and made Que Viva Mexico Modern Art Museum of New York has the copy of that film.

27. See Hoover Institute Archives and Stanford University rare collection, Stanford, California USA.

28.  KPO radio broadcasts were popular in-those days (1928) Evelyn invited several prominent guests for discussions and talks on the Radio. Since those were the earliest Radio broadcasts no cord was available in audio museums.

29. Mc.Lure Newspaper Syndicate, New York, was established in 1883. It was purchased by Clinton P Brown in 1912 sold to Richard H Walden & associates in 192$. After 1$ years they moved to Standard Statistical building in Lower Manhattan, New York. At that juncture Evelyn Trent edited their publications in fiction.

30. See Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford USA Agnes Boone was born in a Methodist family who opposed dancing considering it a frivolity. Agnes overcome that obstacle and evolved as a pioneer in western dance. She was a contemporary of Evelyn in Stanford University. She won recognition in New York where there was a tremendous competition. She toured France, Spain, . Italy and got laurels. She taught in Boston Teacher's club.

31. Revolutionary Age was published from New York as a weekly by the majority Communist group. Jay Lovestone was the editor in 1931. Ben Gitlow was the secretary of the communist majority group national council. Though Evelyn never worked with the communists in USA she was in touch with developments about Roy and am reacted immediately after his arrest. This also indicates that there was no truth in the allegation about her links with British government against Roy.

32. Dewitt Jones belongs to Richmond in California State. After their marriage they moved to Oakland. Dewitt Jones worked for news papers in Sacramento and written articles in San Fransisco Chronicle. He published Newspaper from Sierra Madre in California. He was the research director. to Contra Costa County - development Asson. He also directed the compiling of the history of the port of Stockton and historical documents of East Bay, Alameda County Board of supervisors and State Emergency Relief Administration.. He wrote for Oakland Tribune: He also worked for the Governor of California. The couple lived for some time in Sacramento. the capital of California. He was manager of Oakland industrial office of the state department of Employment. Evelyn moved to various places along with him and contributed articles in local news papers and organizations connected to her husband.

33. Revolutionary age, New. York published about the statement of Einstein on 26th September 1931. The brief text of the original statement was in German and preserved in the Einstein archives of Hebrew University, Jerusalem. The copy is available in Princeton University, New. Jersey library, archives and among rare collection papers. I obtained permission from Einstein Archives, Jerusalem for publishing it. I got it translated in Washington D.C.

34.  The Revolutionary Age, a weekly from New York published reports regularly commencing from the arrest of M.N. Roy till the sentence and afterwards. The weekly was the official organ of the Majority communist group in USA From the beginning of 1932 the paper was published as Workers Age and continued campaigning for M.N.Roy. The information was not carried in Indian papers in those days because of censorship and repression in India.

35. See Hoover Institute Archives: Jones, Evelyn Trent papers Princeton University. Einstein thanked Evelyn in his letter sent to her on-29th April 1947. Obviously Evelyn knew Einstein intimately and was in touch with him.

36. Evelyn responded to the correspondence from Renaissance publishers from India. She wanted to see the memoirs that were serialized in the Radical Humanist. Renaissance publishers sent her Roy's New Orientation, My experience in China and a few copies of periodicals.

37. Richard Park was the earliest scholar to approach Evelyn for information and continued correspondence with her. An important letter written to Park was burnt at the edges and only one page was retained in the papers of Evelyn. But that gave many clues about her thinking about Roy. Even after knowing that nothing was mentioned regarding her role in the memoirs of Roy, she continued her admiration for him and expressed it in clear words. She condemned Dr. Chakravarthy and others for vilification of Roy. She wanted recognition for the intellectual contribution of Roy. See Jones, Evelyn Trent papers in Hoover Institute, Stanford California,. USA.

It seems Prof Robert C. North developed intimate contact with Evelyn by constantly visiting her at Auburn. North sent several letters, questions and redirected the letters of others to her. . At her request North kept her residential address a secret and Evelyn used the Post Box number in her last days.

- Innaiah Narisetti

Evelyn Trent

APPENDICES

CORRESPONDENCE, LETTERS, DOCUMENTS.

AND RESEARCH ON EVELYN TRENT AND

M.N.ROY  IN  U.S.A.

ROBERT NORTH'S LETTER TO EVELYN TRENT

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

Stanford, California

June 28,1957

Dear Mrs.Jones

In 1950 it was my good fortune to .visit Mr M. N. Roy in Dehra Dun, and at that time I became enormously interested in his life. I was preparing a manuscript on Soviet relations with China, which was later published under the title MOSCOW AND CHINESE COMMUNISTS, and inevitably Roy figured in my writing. Now, at the suggestion of Mrs. Ellen Roy, I am writing you for further advice and help. Recently I began a rather ambitious study which I hope will lead to a biography of Roy. In this new work my interest includes the man as a personality and as a creative thinker, and Mrs. Ellen Roy, who is unhappy about certain things that have been written about him recently, urged me to seek your help. Under separate cover, I am sending you a copy of MOSCOW AND CHINESE COMMUNISTS. In this book, however, my treatment is not much more than two dimensional. Some years back, before I had met Roy, I wrote a novel REVOLT IN SAN MARCOS and since then it EVELYN ALIAS SHANTI DEVI 50 has of  ten occurred to me that my leading character, a Latin American, is in many respects similar to Roy. In any case, my approach is warmly sympathetic, and I am anxious, above all, to try to bring back to life the man who was so generous to me in Dehra Dun in 1950.

It occurs to me, also, that you may well have strong sensibilities in the matter, and I want above all to tread gently. At the same time, Roy was far too important to be ignored or distorted for posterity, and I feel strongly that it would, be an enormous and tragic loss if the people who were close to him were to guard too closely the events and shaping influences in his life. Because of my close associations with Stanford, I doubly interested in the phases of Roy's career which you alone can bring to life. I would like, therefore, to submit beforehand a list of questions, so that you can sense the problems facing me, and then, perhaps, we could discuss them at some time suitable for you.

Sincerely yours,

Robert C North

Research Associate

Please rest assured that I shall respect your confidence in every regard.

Mr Robert C. North

Stanford University, Calif

---------------------------------------------------------------
this research work was done in USA by Innaiah Narisetti

Richard Dawkins on Faith Utube

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=021u7d387e0

EVELYN TRENT — NOT IGNORED

Evelyn Trent was not ignored but she was not, given the importance due to her. After the demise of her second husband she returned to Auburn, California and settled down in Linden Avenue.

Albert Einstein, in his capacity as Chairman and Trustee of Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists requested for Evelyn's help and at once she responded. Einstein thanked her on behalf of his colleagues for her generous response in the great educational task undertaken by the committee. He appreciated her practical support and goodwill. Einstein expressed hope for a reasonable solution to the problem of nuclear bombs (35).

Evelyn was keen to read the memoirs of M.N. Roy, which were serialized in the Radical Humanist, a weekly. Roy did not mention anything about Evelyn though he covered exactly that period. We do not know the reaction of Evelyn sit-ice she had never expressed anything about it. (36).

Richard Park, an expert on Indian Communism referred his study to Evelyn Trent. She responded saying that there were many misinterpretations and errors. She questioned the sources and said that simply because something appeared in print, that should not be taken as authentic unless verified. She pointed out the glaring mistakes to Richard.. Park. She denied the false accusations of Mr Chakravarthy, the Indian revolutionary, and she described his writings as imaginary.

Commenting on M.N. Roy in her letter to Park, she said that Roy played a considerable role in the Indian Revolutionary movement at an intellectual level: Evelyn paid glorious tributes to Roy in commenting that Roy was the first to dignify it with a philosophy and literature which became widely recognized. Evelyn wanted to admire Roy and not vilify his great role. She said that Roy passed through many evolutionary phases in his own development and had the capacity to learn. Evelyn condemned those who accept the views of Lt. Col. Kaye, the British police agent who was not impartial in estimating Roy. She asked Park not to do disservice by hostile interpretations of Roy's integrity and sincerity in the development of the Indian revolutionary movement {3 ).

Robert C. North who studied the mission of Roy in China approached Evelyn Trent in 1957 and was in touch with her till her last days. North wanted several details from Evelyn and sent a lengthy questionnaire but Evelyn asked him to meet her personally for discussions instead of putting anything in writing. Accordingly Prof. North visited her and held discussions with her in Auburn.

Prof. Sibnarayan Ray corresponded with Evelyn in 1958. Ellen Roy, the second wife of M.N. Roy, recommended Sibnarayan Ray to Evelyn. Robert C. North wanted to bring M.N. Roy alive without doing any violence to the truth and at the same time wished to protect Evelyn who wanted to keep her privacy. Prof. North sent her many questions about Roy's trip to Tashkent, Spain, Europe and Russia. Evelyn never failed to respond to Prof North and pointed out the mistakes and questioned the authenticity of the sources. But she always admired the work of North.

Several scholars in the world tried to reach Evelyn through Prof. North. Nathaniel Weyl, who published several critical books on communist movements, approached North for help from Evelyn. Similarly, Muzaffar Ahmed too approached Prof North through correspondence. Prof North forwarded the letters to Evelyn but she did not respond to their directly.

Mr. P.C. Joshi, who was in Jawaharlal Nehru University wanted to write a book: on the Indian Communist movement tried to contact Evelyn through Walter Hauser, professor at the University of Virginia. North referred all those letters to her. Sibnarayan Ray requested Evelyn to write her memoirs but she never obliged. Evelyn informed Prof. North that her apartment in Auburn was burnt down in 1963 and all her papers were destroyed in fire. She asked him to be discreet in giving her address to others. She later used the post box address system. When she was in her 70s, Evelyn attended night school in Auburn to learn some courses and she worked for Placer country welfare department. Evelyn never retired from work till her death!

Innaiah Narisetti